Historically, the oil & gas industry has witnessed merger and acquisition (M&A) activity through cycles, as companies try to create value in volatile oil price environments. The current downturn has resulted in a number of M&A opportunities for suitably placed players, as illustrated below.
Selected Major Oil & Gas M&A Activity (Jan 1990-Sept 2016)
*This graph is not exhaustive, but it is illustrative of the extent of M&A activity in 1990-2016
However, last Monday’s merger announcement of General Electric (GE) and Baker Hughes (BHI) is of a different nature compared to what we have seen so far, whereby the merger will create a fullstream offering, encompassing the entire lifecycle from exploration to downstream and power generation.
As operators are struggling with increasing production costs, and the need for production optimisation and improved operational efficiency is growing, GE may be on to a winning diversification opportunity. If the merger is successful, GE will improve its core capability through product and service bundling, and thus create more value for its customers in a distressed oil price environment. The transaction has potential of significant cost synergies, currently projected at $1.6bn by 2020, according to GE, but it remains to be seen where these cost savings will stem from.
But is there enough demand for fullstream services? Since the downturn the industry has faced divestment activity, as operators have cut out less profitable segments of their businesses and moved away from the fully-integrated business model. Whilst a fullstream offering may improve cost competitiveness, indiscriminate cost-cutting and inefficient resource allocation could prevent companies’ potential to grow as the sector recovers. Total global OFS spend has been significantly impacted by the downturn, with expenditure falling 49% between 2014 and 2016. Through to 2020, DW expects OFS spend will only recover to 69% of 2014 levels.
GE’s merger with BHI matches the rationale of other recent deals, including Schlumberger’s acquisition of Cameron and Technip’s merger with FMC. These transactions are likely to result in increased standardisation of manufacturing practices and improved project efficiency for cash-constrained operators, though demand has to be sustained for fullstream offerings to be successful. Supply chain players who are using the market correction to diversify offering are likely to be better positioned for the coming recovery, however the success of fullstream offerings will depend on companies’ tolerance towards risk and demand evolution in the transition period.
Marina Ivanova, Douglas-Westwood London
+44 (0)1795 594 721 or [email protected]
